A thermoelectric cooler (TEC) is a solid-state device that transfers heat from one side to another using the Peltier effect, which occurs when an electric current passes through two different conductors. This process allows TECs to cool or heat objects without moving parts or refrigerants. In cybersecurity and electronics, TECs are often used to maintain optimal temperatures for sensitive hardware, such as processors or sensors, helping prevent overheating and ensuring stable operation. Their compact size and precise temperature control make them valuable in advanced cooling systems, especially in environments where traditional cooling methods are impractical.