Thermal design is the engineering process of managing and controlling heat flow within electronic systems, such as computers, servers, and network devices. Effective thermal design ensures that components operate within safe temperature ranges, preventing overheating, hardware failures, and potential security vulnerabilities caused by thermal stress. Techniques include the use of heat sinks, fans, thermal interface materials, and optimized airflow layouts. In cybersecurity, poor thermal design can lead to system instability or downtime, potentially exposing systems to attacks or data loss. Proper thermal management is essential for maintaining system reliability, performance, and security.