A PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) driver is an electronic circuit or chip used to control devices such as LEDs, motors, or fans by rapidly switching them on and off at high frequencies. By adjusting the ratio of 'on' time to 'off' time (the duty cycle), the PWM driver can finely control the brightness of lights or the speed of motors without generating excessive heat or wasting energy. PWM drivers are commonly used in embedded systems, robotics, and IoT devices for efficient power management and precise control. In cybersecurity, understanding PWM drivers is important when assessing the security of hardware devices that rely on such controls.