Photolithography is a crucial process in semiconductor manufacturing, where patterns are transferred onto silicon wafers to create integrated circuits. It involves coating the wafer with a light-sensitive material called photoresist, then exposing it to ultraviolet light through a mask that defines the desired circuit pattern. The exposed or unexposed areas of the photoresist are then developed and etched, allowing precise control over the placement and size of micro- and nanometer-scale features. Photolithography enables the production of complex microchips used in computers, smartphones, and other digital devices. Its precision is essential for the advancement of modern electronics and cybersecurity hardware.