A Lua interpreter is a software application or component that reads and executes code written in the Lua programming language. Lua is a lightweight, flexible scripting language often embedded in applications for customization or automation. In cybersecurity, attackers sometimes use Lua interpreters to run malicious scripts inside compromised systems, making detection harder. Lua's small footprint and ease of integration make it a popular choice for both legitimate software and malicious payloads. Security professionals monitor for unauthorized Lua interpreters as their presence can indicate advanced threats or malware leveraging Lua scripts for persistence, data exfiltration, or lateral movement.