Invalid Traffic (IVT) refers to any online activity or ad interaction that does not originate from genuine human users. This can include automated actions by bots, click farms, or other fraudulent sources that artificially inflate ad impressions or clicks. IVT can distort advertising metrics, waste marketing budgets, and undermine the integrity of digital campaigns. Detecting and filtering IVT is crucial for advertisers and publishers to ensure accurate reporting and to protect against ad fraud. Common indicators of IVT include unusually high click-through rates, repetitive patterns, and traffic from suspicious sources.