FRAND stands for Fair, Reasonable, And Non-Discriminatory. It is a commitment often required from patent holders whose technologies are essential to industry standards, such as in telecommunications or cybersecurity protocols. Under FRAND terms, patent owners agree to license their standard-essential patents (SEPs) to others on terms that are fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory. This ensures that access to crucial technologies is not restricted by excessive fees or biased practices, promoting competition and innovation while protecting intellectual property rights. FRAND is especially significant in the context of cybersecurity, where interoperability and widespread adoption of secure standards are critical.