Critical Entities Resilience (CER) refers to the European Union’s framework designed to strengthen the physical protection and operational resilience of essential infrastructure, such as energy grids, water supply, transport networks, and telecommunications cables. CER aims to ensure that these critical entities can prevent, withstand, respond to, and recover from disruptive incidents, whether caused by natural disasters, cyberattacks, or other threats. The CER Directive requires EU member states to identify critical entities, assess risks, and implement measures to minimize vulnerabilities. This approach helps safeguard the continuous delivery of vital services that are fundamental to public safety, economic stability, and national security across the EU.